Kleshas: Understanding the Root Mental Afflictions of Trauma

Patanjali identifies five Kleshas or mental afflictions—ignorance (Avidya), ego-attachment (Asmita), desire (Raga), aversion (Dvesha), and fear of death (Abhinivesha)—as the root causes of psychological suffering and behavioral patterns. These Kleshas directly illuminate trauma psychology. Avidya manifests as trauma survivors' distorted perception of reality filtered through fear; Asmita becomes identification with the victim role; Raga and Dvesha appear as compulsive seeking of safety and avoidance of triggers; Abhinivesha drives hypervigilance and survival mechanisms. Understanding trauma through the Kleesha framework shifts perspective from symptom-focused to cause-focused healing. Rather than merely managing flashbacks or anxiety, this approach addresses the underlying mental patterns perpetuating them. Meditation practice, according to Patanjali, progressively weakens the Kleshas' grip, gradually freeing the mind from their automatic operation. For trauma survivors, recognizing these afflictions isn't about blame but about comprehending the mechanics of their suffering, enabling gradual liberation through sustained practice and self-understanding.