Kleshas: Root Patterns of Emotional Suffering

Patanjali identifies five kleshas—mental afflictions or distortions—that create and perpetuate suffering: avidya (ignorance), asmita (ego-clinging), raga (attachment), dvesha (aversion), and abhinivesha (fear of death/loss). These ancient categories map precisely onto emotional dysregulation triggers. Someone dysregulated by perceived rejection is caught in asmita and raga—clinging to ego-image and attachment to desired outcomes. Another experiencing rage at injustice operates from dvesha—intense aversion. DBT addresses these implicitly: mindfulness targets avidya by clarifying what is; emotion regulation and distress tolerance address raga and dvesha by teaching acceptance; values work counters abhinivesha by connecting to meaning beyond fear. Understanding dysregulation through the klesha framework allows clients to recognize their specific afflictive pattern and apply targeted interventions. This spiritual psychology validates DBT's comprehensive approach while offering wisdom older than modern psychology.