Existential psychology — meaning death freedom

Existential psychology, developed through figures like May, Yalom, and Boss, engages directly with the ultimate concerns of human existence: death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. The Sutras approach these same territories through the lens of the kleśas, particularly abhiniveśa — the deep biological and psychological clinging to existence. What existential psychology adds is a framework for turning toward these realities rather than defending against them, finding that direct encounter is less frightening than perpetual avoidance.